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neuroscientist Erich Jarvis."But I would say they have a primitiveospoken language,”"2d5uBun叫ou四10gMinformation tentismle rorm of som of the lemntnangOne key element ofitheoofords with meanings.vthe p mrohavehthat many bird specics use differentacalls for differentkrs Recent stu that the order of some birdscallsmayimpaet their meaning.This coudrepresnprimary form of the rules governing the order andcombination of wordsan elemeinhuman language known as syntax,as illustrated by theclassie“dog bites man'vs“man bites dog'”example.And the parallelsn deeper,inuding similar brain structures that are not shared byspecies withou oangrvisand his team have tried to compare the brain structursongbirds and humans.think we humans tend to overestimate how different we are,"hesays.What has happened is that humans and songbirds have evolved a new forebrain circuit forearned soudthat hasaken of the brain stem circuit for natural sounds."There is anassumption that spceies more closely related to us (e.g.monkeys)are going to be most like us.And that is true for many features,"he says."But,as you see,this is not true for everyfeature.”With all these similarities in mind,it's reasonable to ask if birds themselves have language.It may come down to how you define it.But anyway,when the story of the evolution oflanguage is finally complete,be prepared to thank the birds.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。鸟有语言吗?文章从有意信息传递、语义和句法、大脑特定部位结构等方面将鸟鸣和人类语言进行了比较,最后得出结论:鸟鸣是否属于语言,取决于人类如何定义语言。但无论如何,对鸟类鸣唱的研究在一定程度上增进了人类对于语言进化的理解。(C)32.What is the purpose of paragraph 1?A.To show different capacities for imitating sounds.B.To illustrate the major features of vocal learning.而1u量ob0C.To imply the uniqueness of birds as vocal learners.D.To explain the origin of species differences.【解析】写作意图题。结合第一段全段内容可知,人类因可以进行语音学(vocal learning)而独特。而像人类一样具有这种能力的物种也有,但鸟类是这些物种中最突出的。因此,本段行文循序渐进,是为了引出鸟类与其他物种相比,在语音学方面最具独特性这一观,点,故选C。(D)33.What can we learn about birdsong from the third paragraph?A.It is superior to human language.B.It lacks meaningful order of calls.C.It has evolved from human speechD.It shows certain grammatical features.【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Birdsong appears to have a lot in common with human speech,uch asusing simple forms of some of the elements of human language.One key element of英语试题(附中版)一34
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